In fact, Japanese poets do not count "syllables" at all. Rather, they count "onji." The Japanese word onji does not mean "syllable," it means "sound symbol," and refers to one of the phonetic characters used in writing Japanese phonetic script. Onji are very uniform in length and duration (unlike English syllables -- compare "on" and "wrought"). Onji are also, on average, quite a bit shorter than English syllables, as onji can have no more than one consonant, and long vowels count for two onji. In addition, haiku contain "cutting-words" or kireji that divide a stanza and indicate a pause; they are like sounded punctuation and are counted as onji. Therefore, the fact that virtually all classical Japanese haiku consist of 17 onji in three parts of 5-7-5 onji each does not easily "translate" into an analogous English form 17 using syllables.
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posted by jonson at 11:55 PM on February 10, 2007