Even before the addition of the phrase "under God" in 1954, legal challenges were frequently founded on the basis of freedom of religion.Does this this whole business of permission slips for the big day have anything to do with exactly how long there are going to be showing the ceremony? If they were simply going to turn on for a 15 minute speech that would seem silly, but if it's going to take up a whole class period or more I can imagine that would require some kind of paperwork no matter what it was (apart from pre-scheduled school-related bs like pep rallies).
Central to early challenges were Jehovah's Witnesses, a group whose beliefs preclude swearing loyalty to any power lesser than God. In the 1940 Supreme Court case Minersville School District vs. Gobitis, an 8-1 majority in the Court held that a school district's interest in promoting national unity permitted it to require Witness students to recite the Pledge along with their class mates. Gobitis was an unpopular decision in the press, and it led to a rash of mob violence and intimidation against Jehovah's Witnesses; three years later in West Virginia State Board of Education vs. Barnette, the Court reversed itself, voting 6-3 to forbid a school from requiring the Pledge.
As a result, since 1943 public schools have been disallowed from punishing students for not reciting the Pledge.
« Older Ron English Interview... | The big biggest cobra and Aust... Newer »
This thread has been archived and is closed to new comments
posted by nasreddin at 2:27 PM on January 16 [2 favorites]