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...[A]lmost all courts recognize an absolute privilege to defame by any participant in a judicial proceeding, so long as there is some reasonable relationship between the statement and the subject matter of the legal proceeding. This privilege covers utterances not only by the litigants, but their counsel, witnesses giving testimony, the judge and the jury. The statement, of course, must be made inside the courtroom during a judicial proceeding.
...[A]n absolute privilege exists for statements made by federal and state legislators while on the floor of their legislatures or in committee sessions of that legislature. The most notorious example of the abuse of this privilege was the Army-McCarthy Hearings in 1954.... The "naming of names" always took place in a committee meeting or on the floor of the Senate, where the absolute privilege against defamation was available. ...[T]he legislative privilege does not require the statements uttered to be germane or relevant to any other matter....
There is also an absolute privilege afforded to top rank, "cabinet" or department head level, or other top-level policy-making officials in the executive branches of government, both federal and state. The privilege can be lost, however, if, as in the courts, the statements have no reasonable relevancy to the public official's duties or the scope of his office.
A related absolute privilege...protects radio and television stations and other electronic mass media... Because broadcasters and cablecasters were compelled by law to provide equal opportunities to all opposing candidates for the same public office as was initially provided to the first candidate, the Supreme Court held that the stations could not be held liable for defamatory utterances made by such opposing candidates, even if made with absolute malice.
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posted by AlexReynolds at 5:45 PM on March 7, 2005