http://www.metafilter.com/tags/Maroons Posts tagged with 'Maroons' at MetaFilter. Sat, 26 Aug 2006 21:16:44 -0800 Sat, 26 Aug 2006 21:16:44 -0800 en-us http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 http://www.metafilter.com/54273/Businengue The <a href="http://www.folklife.si.edu/resources/maroon/educational_guide/23.htm">Bushi-Nenge </a>of French Guiana and Surinam (Bush Negroes or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroon_%28slavery%29#Suriname">Maroons</a>) are a unique, and little-known group of peoples (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluku">Boni or Aluku</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saramaka">Saramaca</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndyuka">Ndyuka</a>) who escaped from Dutch plantations in the early 1700's, who battled for independence which was recognized through various treaties -- notably by the Treaty of Albina which France and the Netherlands signed in 1860 (I can't find any info on the net), and who still live an African-type life largely based around the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Maroons_map.jpg">Maroni River </a>between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana">French Guiana </a>and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname">Suriname</a>, as citizens of either one country or the other. Their language is <a href="http://www.silinternational.org/americas/suriname/Sranan/Sranan.htm">Sranan Tongo </a>(a mixture of African Languages, English, Dutch, Portuguese and Hebrew -- also known as Taki-Taki -- <a href="http://www.partenaireproduction.com/Radio/04snd/01snd_sante/player_sante/29Bushi02.html">click for a listen</a>). Historical and scholarly works are scarce, but <a href="http://www.richandsally.net/work20.htm">they exist</a> (In English but mostly in Dutch or French). <a href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/revue-inv/insitu5/d6/d6new/pdf/d6new.pdf#search=%22noirs%20marrons%22">Some pictures of typical houses</a>. <a href="http://www.guyane-guide.com/media/divers/noir_marron4.jpg">Symbolic Woodwork</a>. <a href="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.guyane-guide.com/media/divers/noir_marron3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.guyane-guide.com/dossiers/noirs_marrons.htm&h=216&w=200&sz=11&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=DelHWJ379LAg-M:&tbnh=107&tbnw=99&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmarron%2Bguyane%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGSPA,GSPA:2005-33,GSPA:en">More art</a>. <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/missionguyane/gens.html">Images of the people of French Guyana</a>. Images of various canoes in French Guiana. <a href="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://perso.wanadoo.fr/persona.grata/GUYANE.MARONI.BAGNARD.gif&imgrefurl=http://perso.wanadoo.fr/persona.grata/voyages.laguyane.html&h=298&w=454&sz=78&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=VDULJjS0dXQd0M:&tbnh=84&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmaroni%2Bguyane%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGSPA,GSPA:2005-33,GSPA:en%26sa%3DN">More photos of the Maroni River</a>. <a href="http://membres.lycos.fr/missionguyane/paysages.html">Amazonie Francaise</a>. tag:metafilter.com,2006:site.54273 Sat, 26 Aug 2006 21:16:44 -0800 africa bushi-nenge guiana guyana maroons surinam tongo pwedza http://www.metafilter.com/21650/Gone%2Dto%2DCroatan%2DHi%2DIconomy <small>In the late 18th or early 19th century a group of runaway slaves and serfs fled from Kentucky into the Ohio Territory, where they inter-married with Natives and formed a tribe - red, white & black - called the Ben Ishmael tribe. The Ishmaels (who seem to have been Islamically inclined) followed an annual nomadic route through the territory, hunting & fishing, and finding work as tinkers and minstrels. They were polygamists, and drank no alcohol. Every winter they returned to their original settlement, where a village had grown.<br><br> But eventually the US Govt. opened the Territory to settlement, and the ~official~ pioneers arrived. Around the Ishmael village a town began to spring up, called Cincinnati. Soon it was a big city. But Ishmael village was still there, engulfed & surrounded by "civilization." Now it was a ~slum~.</small><br><br> <a href="http://www.si.edu/maroon/educational_guide/23.htm" title="The man who was to become the first African-American maroon arrived within a decade of Columbus' landfall on the very first slave ship to reach the Americas. One of the last maroons to escape from slavery was still alive in Cuba only 15 years ago. The English word ''maroon'' derives from Spanish cimarrón--itself based on an Arawakan (Taino) Indian root. Cimarrón originally referred to domestic cattle that had taken to the hills in Hispaniola, and soon after it was applied to American Indian slaves who had escaped from the Spaniards as well. By the end of the 1530s, the word had taken on strong connotations of being ''fierce,'' ''wild'' and ''unbroken,'' and was used primarily to refer to African-American runaways.">Maroons</a>, <a href="http://genforum.genealogy.com/aa/messages/25.html" title="According to the first part of the legend, the first settlers in the Ramapo Mountain region were Tuscarora Indians. They fled northward on the Cumberland Trail to join their allies the Iroquois in upper New York after a humiliating defeat at the hands of the British Army in a series of skirmishes, part of the French and Indian Wars, in western North Carolina from 1711 to 1714. They were either joined shortly after their arrival by or came accompanied with runaway slaves, often referred to in those days as ''Jacks.'' The sons of Black freedmen from the plantations of the nearby Hudson River Valley and Catskill Mountains also joined them and brought their former masters' Dutch surnames with them to the Ramapos. They intermarried with the Tuscaroras and possibly local Lenni Lenape Indians, as well. It is at this time that their local neighbors may have begun to refer to these people as the ''Jacks and Whites'' .">Ramapaughs</a>, <a href="http://www.netstrider.com/documents/whites/" title="That's how I first came to know who the Jackson Whites were - from Willie G. Mann, Jr., my first and best friend. Junior told me stories about these shy, gentle, reclusive mountain people. They kept mostly to themselves. A lot of the townspeople in the valleys below their homes called them names because they were afraid of them or thought themselves better. Among Junior's many cousins, some were albino. Some had extra fingers or toes. Some had webbed fingers or toes. Some were a bit slow-witted. Some knew Indian medicine. Some spoke proudly of their Tuscarora or Hessian or Dutch blood. Some spoke ''Jersey Dutch,'' an old dialect that the newer valley people couldn't understand. Some people said they came from runaway slaves or black whores. Some said they came from traitors and turncoats. Some people called them "Jacks." Others called them ''Bockies.'' It really didn't matter. They were all wrong anyway.">Jackson Whites</a>, the<a href="http://hometown.aol.com/jacklyn001/moor.htm" title="The origin of the term Moor is lost in history. No one knows the derivation of the term or why it became so accepted among the mixed blood people in Kent Co. Some people spoke of English sailors and their Moroccan wives arriving on Tangier Island in the Chesapeake and inter-marrying with local Indians. Some spoke of Portuguese sailor/pirates plying the Chesapeake Bay. Some spoke of a beautiful Irish slaveowner and her handsome Moorish slave. All of the stories have a fanciful quality that does not bear up to close scrutiny. "> Moors of Delaware</a>, <a href="http://www.ls.net/%7Enewriver/swva/hssv-2.htm#mel" title="A generation ago census records of certain mountainous counties of Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Carolina, and others proved somewhat confusing. This was due to the presence of a strange group of people whose origin was, and has remained, one of the deepest and most fascinating mysteries of American ethnology.">Melungeons</a>, the <a href=http://www.buckyogi.addr.com/footnotes/natgj.htm title="SCROLL DOWN to Ishmaelites- The Ishmaelites, or Tribe of Ishmael, were a nomadic group of mixed ethnic descent, but were primarily African. In order to escape government control, the Ishmaelites settled in the Northwest Territory around 1800, on the current site of Indianapolis. They migrated annually across the Midwest, maintaining some Islamic African traditions, which became part of Midwest African-American culture and influenced the foundation of the Nation of Islam. The Ishmaelites were absorbed and ceased to exist as a distinct culture in the early years of the twentieth century.">Ben Ishmaels</a></a><small><small>--hat tip to <a href="http://www.buckyogi.addr.com/footnotes/index.htm" title="The nations you didn't learn about in high school geography.">Footnotes of History</a> on that last--</small></small>Red Bones, Brass Ankles, Turks, Lumbees, <a href="http://tk-jk.net/Bridgers/Shaggy/fog0000000029.html" title="In any event, when the Bridgers and their fellow pilgrims trekked into ''The State of Robeson'' in the late 1700's, they found sandy loam soil, forests of ''long-leaf pines,'' ''The Croatans'' and folks from Scotland.">Croatans</a> and other <a href="http://reactor-core.org/security/fugitive-nation.html" title="How does it help us to know that before the French and Indian War people of different races were banding together in the face of repression? For one thing it gives us a different perspective on American history, which never hurts. It would be incredible if we could use their brave example as a guide to future action. That's the true positive result from looking at this secret history: the example set by the fugitives in surviving the demand to assimilate. They made a life for themselves outside the reach of Power. They created an inclusive culture which survives at least somewhat in American popular music, and which bubbles eternally in our dreams, just beyond the frontier in the wilderness of our imaginations.">lost</a> <a href="http://www.davidmargolis.com/journalism_losttribes.html" title="The ''Lost Tribes'' - Reuven, Shimon, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Ephraim and Menasseh - nearly 3,000 years ago rejected the rule of King Solomon's son and broke away to form a separate kingdom. That kingdom was destroyed in 722 BCE by the Assyrians, who sent much of the population into exile. So completely lost were the ten tribes that for many centuries they existed only in legend, inhabitants of a land ''beyond the River Sambatyon'' whom only the Messiah could bring back.... No doubt the messiah, when he comes, will have a very different sense of priorities."> tribes </a>and <a href="http://earlyamerica.com/review/2001_summer_fall/fugative.html" title="In the 17th century, the settlers of Jamestown described the ''tawny half-breeds'' they encountered in the forests, who strangely preferred the freedom of the wilderness to the safety and comfort of Jamestown. Who were these people, these ''half-breeds''? Theories as to the identity of this people range from the romantic (the survivors of the Roanoke colony) to the fantastic (the descendants of early Viking, Welsh or Phoenician settlers). In fact, they were members of fugitive (also called maroon) communities that existed on the outskirts of European settlement from the earliest days of colonization.">rebel slave communities</a>.<br><br> The questions raised are what is race, tribe and family ...among others. <br><br>Included by extension are <a href="http://www.hermetic.com/bey/" title="Hakim Bey and Ontological Anarchy">Hakim</a> <a href="http://fusionanomaly.net/peterlambornwilson.html" title="Peter Lamborn Wilson - A man who yet still searches for ''Irish Soma''">Bey</a>, <a href="http://www.geocities.com/moorishorthodoxchurch/" title="BULLETIN: Dr. Emanual Bronner of Chicago (d. 1997) chemist, soap-maker, philosopher and humanitarian, to be canonized Saint by the Moorish Orthodox Church on Winter Solstice 2002">The Moorish Orthodox Church</a>, various tribes of <a href="http://hometown.aol.com/blkindians/blackindians.html" title="The BIINAA or BlackIndians.com is a non-profit Internet Group-Organization dedicated to Inter-tribal Native Americans with a special interest in the Native-African-Indian communities abroad. [ Black Indians ]">Black</a> <a href="http://www.blackindians.com/" title="Geared to the genealogy enthusiast in assisting people with Native American Heritage in finding there roots. Weather mixed blood. Full blood or simply interested in Native Culture. You've come to the right place. Founded in 1992:by Chief Jerry Eaglefeather, This topic has become one of the most frequently talked about topics in Native American Community's abroad. Our goals are not to insult, hamper or offend Native Americans. We do however wish to encourage and bring awareness of our cultures to other mixed bloods. We are here to assist and help, and educate those who have a heart to learn and an ear to hear. And to build together a collaboration of Black And Indian. A History not only forgotten, but hidden. ">Indians</a>, Jukes, Kallikaks, Margaret Sanger, <i>The Bell Curve</i> and Heather Locklear. <i>(Step within the tent for the latter's interpetive dance)</i> tag:metafilter.com,2002:site.21650 Fri, 15 Nov 2002 15:27:03 -0800 America BenIshmaels BrassAnkles Croatan Croatans History Indians Ishmaels JacksonWhites LostTribes Lumbees Maroons Melungeons MoorsofDelaware Race Ramapaughs RedBones Slavery TriRacialIsolates Turks y2karl